Supply of liquid fuel to internal-combustion engines



Jan. 24, 1928-. 1,657,185

0. WANS SUPPLY OF LIQUID FUEL TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 17. 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Z w mm W0 2 2c }v r. a a "a. 70 A 1 a d 3 r F V W, #27 I w v u I? 7 y M J A NMW Jan. 24, 1928. 1,657,185

0. WANS SUPPLY OF LIQUID FUEL TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 17. 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 15 5 a Z a K \r r g I I g 5 2 3% 2g 1 a 4 72g? 6 5 7 J f2 A..-

Jan. 24, 1928.

O. WANS SUPPLY OF LIQUID FUEL TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb. 17 v 1926 Jan. 24, 1928. 1,657,185

0. WA NS SUPPLY OF LIQUID FUEL TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Feb. 17. 1926 4 Sheets-sheet 4 Patented Jan. 24,1928

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OSWALD WANS, OF LINCOLN, ENGLAND.

Application filed February 17, 1926, Serial No.

This invention relates to devices for supplying liquid fuel to the cylinders or combustion chambers of multi-cylinder internal combustion engines, and more particularly engines in which the liquid fuel is injected solidly into the cylinders or combustion chambers.

The object of the present invention is to provide improved means for supplying the fuel from a' single pump common to two or more cylinders, comprising a part or the whole of the cylinders of the engine.

According to the present invention, a fuel pump which feeds multiple cylinders is combined with a distributor consisting of a sliding plunger having a passage or passages which may vary in direction and in the casing enclosing the plunger one or more inlet ports and an outlet port to each cylinder with a cam or like motion to move the plunger into such positions that a charge timed by the fuel pump is forced through each outlet port in turn to its respective cylinder.

Preferably the ports through the plunger are arranged with their inlet ends all in the same longitudinal plane as the inlet port in the casing and their outlet ends distributed circumferentially in such positions that in turn each passage will register with the inlet ort and with the outlet in the casing leadlng to its respective cylinder.

In some cases, particularly where the present invention is .used with an engine having many cylinders, more than one fuel pump may be employed in conjunction with the single plunger valve, each pump supplying a number of cylinders or combustion chambers in the required sequence through the single plunger valve during one complete cycle of operations.

The accompanying drawings illustrate, by way of example, one way of carrying out the present invention as applied to a three cylinder heavy oil engine, in which Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the device taken on the line 11 of Figure 2; Figure 2 is a sectional plan view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, showing particularly the disposition of the inlet and delivery. ports, portions projecting from the lower part of the easmg of the device being omitted for clearness of illustration. Figures 3 to 8 are detail views of the plunger valve and the surround- 88,890, and in Great Britain February 17, 1925.

ing liner illustrating, with the valve in one and the same position throughout, the arrangement of the ports through the valve; Flgure 3 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 6, and looking in the direction of the arrow 3; Figure 4 is a similar V ew to Figure 3, taken on the line 4--4 of F lgure 7 and looking in the direction of the arrow 4; Figure 5 is also a similar view to Figure 3, taken on the line 55 of Figure 8 and looking in the direction of the arrow 5; Figure 6 is a sectional plan view taken on the line 66 of Figure 3; Figure 7 is a similar view to Figure 6 taken on the line 77 of Figure 4:; Figure 8 is also a similar View to Figure 6 taken on the line 88 of Figure 5. Flgures 9 to 14 are similar detailed views to Figures 3 to 8 respectively, but with the plunger in the operative position throughout, the arrangement being illus trated diagrammatically solely for clearness in understanding the working of the distributor,.as the inlet and outlet ports, particularly in plan view, are not drawn in geometric projection, i. e. the ports are not shown in the positions they actually occupy circumferentially.

Figure 15 is a part sectional elevation of the lower part of the device illustrated in Figure 1, showing one way of actuating the distributing plunger.

Figure 16 is a sectional elevation of a pump and actuating means therefor.

In carrying out the invention as illustrated, a is a distributing and controlling plunger valve, slidably mounted in a substantially fluid-ti ht manner within a liner 7) suitabl secured against rotation or made a tight t within the bore 0 of a casing d. The liner 6 has a flange e which bears against a corresponding flange formed by r enlarging the lower end of the bore. a in the land 7 closing this end casing a packing uid-tight manner. The

of the bore in a upper end of the plunger valve a is connected firmly by a bar 9 with an actuating rod k which is slidably mounted within a bore 2' in the casing d adjacent the bore a, the said rod h imparting movement to the valve a. The rod h is'reciprocated by con trolling cam or cams a: 3 (see Figure 15) on the usual cam shaft 2, the said camsbeing engaged by rollers 'v 'w, rotatably mounte upon a bell crank lever t which is pivoted at u to a bracket 8 secured to the casing d. One arm of the bell crank lever t is connected by a link 4 to one end of the rod h. It will be seen that the casing d contalning the distributing andcontrolling valve and the mechanism for actuating the latter from the cams are self-contained in one un1t.

The cam w is shaped to give the requlred motion on the up-stroke of the actuating rod 72., whilst the cam y is so shaped as to return the plunger in conjunction with the cam in. It will be noted that the posltion of the roller w with respect to the roller 4) also determines the final form of the cam y. From the foregoing it will be clear that both rollers are in close contact with their cams throughout the working, so that the actuating rod h is positively moved 1n both directions. The cam :11 is so shaped that a dwell occurs in the movement of the plunger between the bore a, in which the valve a reciprocates, and a single cam operated fuel pump (see Figure 16),through a conduit connected to the boss Z. Three distributing and controlling ports 1", 2 and 3, are bored through the plunger valve (1. in such a manner that they are at different heights a predetermined distance apart in the same longitudinal plane, at the inlet ends, and a predetermined distance apart in the same transverse plane, at the outlet ends, as clearly shown in the drawings.

Suitably distributed around the casing at the different heights (see Figures 2 to 8), and in different longitudinal planes, are three corresponding outlet ports 1*, 2 and 3 respectively, preferably fitted with nonreturn valves (not shown) and each communicating, by suitable conduits connected to bosses 1, 2 and 3 respectively, with an atomizer or other means for injecting the fuel into a combustion chamber or cylinder of the engine. The conduits may be connected with a single belt around the casing, instead of the bosses 1, 2 and 3. It will be understood from the foregoing that as the valve a moves upwardly under the action of the aforesaid cams, the ports 1, 2* and 3 will communicate in succession, on the 'one hand through the port is with the single fuel pump. and, on the other hand, with the several outlet ports 1", 2 and 3', during one Any fuel oil which creeps along the surface of the plunger valve (1, during operation, is free to pass either into the chamber 7 above the valve or into the chamber q below it. A passage m is bored vertically through the body d from the chamber 79 and a passage a bored at right angles thereto at or near the bottom through the bore a and liner 1) (see Figure 2) and the outer end of the latter passage plugged. In conjunction with the valve a, the passages m and n permit communication between the chamber 2 and the chamber 9 at predetermined times, as now to be described.

As the valve a, in moving upwardly, uncovers the passage n, as shown in chain lines in Figure 1, towards the end of its stroke, any leakage oil that has collected in the chamber 19 will be sucked through the passages m and n intothe chamber g below the 'valve (1 by the partial vacuum created in this latter chamber, and on the following down-stroke of the valve a, the leakage fuel oil then in the chamber q will be forced out of it through the passage 1" to the source of supply.

Referring to Figure 16, 10 is a cam which is driven in any suitable manner at half the speed of the engine, and which, in the case of a three cylinder engine, working on the four-stroke cycle, is provided with three faces 11, 12, 13. 14 is a roller mounted upon an arm 15 pivoted at 16 to the frame, the said arm 15 being engaged by one end of a rod 17 connected to the pump plunger located within a cylinder 18. The cam 10 1s so proportioned and timed that a delivery stroke of the plunger takes place each time that one of the orts 1, 1 or 1 is in line with the port a, and the. corresponding port 3, 3 or 3.

18 is a ball valve which is located within the passage through which the fuel is dellvered from the pump, and which is adapted to close a by-pass'passage 19 therein. 20 is a lifter rod which rests upon a lever 21 ful- Thus, when the speed of the engine varies, the bell crank lever 28 is rocked about its pivot, whereby the lever 25 and cam 24 are rocked. The cam 24, through the lever and lifter rod 20, moves the ball 18 towards or away from its seating, and thereby varies the quantity of fuel that is by-passed through the passa .e 19 and consequently the quantity 7 supplied y the pump.

According to a modification in the arrangement of the ports completely through the plunger valve, these may be disposed at a suitable angle, one to another, in the same vertical plane, whilst the delivery passages in the liner and surrounding casing would be arranged in the same vertical plane but in difierent horizontal planes.

According to a further modification, a plugged hole may be provided longitudinally within thebody of the plunger valve a, and communication between the inlet and delivery side thereof eifected by suitable ports drilled from the exterior surface of the plunger valve to the longitudinal hole.

What I claim is 1. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel pump, a plunger, means for reciprocating said plunger, a casing for said plunger, a plurality of passages varying in direction relatively to one another through said plunger, an inlet port in said casing, means connectin the fuel pump to said inlet port, a plura ity of outlet ports in said casin adapted to register in succession with sai plunger passages, and means connecting the outlet ports to the cylinders, one of said ports being connected to one cylinder and another to another, and so on.

2. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel pump, a plunger, means for reciprocating said plunger, a casing for said plunger, a plurality of passages through said plunger, the inlet ends of said passages being located on a longitudinal plane through said plunger,

and the outlet ends of said-passages being 10- cated on a transverse plane through said plunger, an inlet port in said casing, means connecting the fuel pump to said inlet port, a plurality of outlet ports in said casing adapted to register in succession with said plunger passages, and means connecting the outlet ports to the cylind f rs, one of said ports being connected to one cylinder and another to another and so on.

3. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel pump, a plunger, means for reciprocating said plun er, a casing for said plunger, a plurality o passages varying in direction relat1ve ly to one another through said plunger, an

inlet port in said casing, means connectin the fuel pump to sa1 d 1nlet port, a plura ity of outlet ports 1n sald casing adapted to register in succession with said plunger passages, means connectin the outlet ports to the cylinders, one 'of sai ports being connected to one cylinder and another to another, and so on, and means for returning oil which creeps along the surface of the plunger to the source of fuel supply.

4. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel pump, a plunger, means for reciprocating said plunger, a casing for said plunger, a plurality of passages through said plunger, the inlet ends of said passages being located on a longitudinal plane through said plunger, and the outlet ends of saidpassages being located on a transverse plane through said plunger, an inlet port in said casing, means connectin the fuel pump to said inlet port, a plura ity of outlet ports in said casing adapted to register in succession with said plunger passages means connecting the outlet ports to the cylinders, one of said ports being connected to one cylinder and another to another, and so on, and means for returning oil which creeps along the surface of the plunger to the source of fuel supply.

5. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel pump,

a plunger, means for reciprocating said plunger, a casing for said plunger, a plurality of passages varying in direction relatively to one another through said plunger, an inlet port in said casing, means connecting the fuel pump to said inlet port, a plurality of outlet ports in said casing adapted to register in succession with said plunger passages, means connecting the outlet ports to the cylinders, one of said ports being connected to one cylinder and another to another, and so on, a chamber at one end of said plunger for collecting fuel which leaks past the plunger, a similar chamber at the other end of said plunger, a assage connecting said chambers, .an out et from one. of said chambers, and means for expelling the collected fuel through said outlet.

. 6. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a fuel pump, a plunger, means for reciprocating said plunger, a casing for said plun er, a plulet ports to the cylinders, one of said ports being connected to one cylinder and another to another, and so on, a chamber at one end of said plunger for collecting fuel which leaks past the plunger, a similar chamber at the other end of said plunger, a passage connecting said chambers, an outlet from one of said chambers and means for expelling .de ivery passages in said casing, means connecting said passages to the engine cylinders, a plunger within said casing, means for reciprocating said plunger in said casing to control the supply of the fuel deliveredfrom the pump to the said cylinders in the required sequence to suit the cycle of operations, and means for returning from either end of the plunger to the source of supply any leakage of liquid hydrocarbon that creeps along the surface of the said plunger.

8. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, the combination of a liquid hydrocarbon pump, a casing, means connecting said casing to said pump, a plurality of de livery passages in said casing, means con meeting said passages to the engine cylinders, a distributor plunger disposed in said. casing, means for reciprocating said plunger in said casing, a collecting chamber at the upper end of the plunger adapted to collect any leakage of liquid hydrocarbon that creeps along the surface of the plunger, a second collecting chamber disposed below the plunger and also adapted to collect any leakage of liquid hydrocarbon, meansonnnecting said first collecting chamber to said second, a pump plunger formed by the lower end of the said distributor plunger, the said pump plunger being adapted to deliver the leakage of liquid hydrocarbon from the collecting chambers to the source of suppl 9. In a multi-cylinder internal com ustion engine, the combination of a liquid hydrocarbon pump, a self-contained unit comprising a casing, means connecting the said casing to the pump, a plurality of delivery passages in said casing, means connecting said passages to the engine cylinders, a dis tributor plunger within said casing, an actuating rod, means for reciprocating said rod in said casing, means for rigidly coupling together the said plunger, and the said actuating rod, a bracket extending from the base of the casing, a pair of hell crank levers pivoted upon said bracket, cam engaging means on said levers and means for coupling the bell crank levers to the said actuating rod, and two cams adapted to oscillate the said hell crank levers of the self-contained unit to move the actuating rod, one in one direction and the other in the reverse direction.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name this 2nd day of February, 1926.

OSWALD WANS. 

